History of Oriental Mindoro
Pre-Colonial Era
Long before Spanish colonization, the island of Mindoro was home to the Mangyan people, one of the oldest indigenous groups in the Philippines. The Mangyans developed their own writing system called Hanunuo, which is still used today and is recognized by UNESCO as a "Memory of the World."
The island served as an important trading post, with Chinese merchants frequenting its shores as early as the 10th century. Archaeological evidence suggests thriving communities engaged in agriculture, weaving, and maritime trade.
Spanish Colonial Period (1570-1898)
Spanish missionaries arrived in Mindoro in the 1570s, establishing settlements and churches that still stand today. The Spanish named the island "Mina de Oro" (Mine of Gold), believing it to be rich in gold deposits - which eventually became "Mindoro."
During this period, the lowland areas were Christianized while the Mangyan communities retreated to the highlands to preserve their way of life. Many of the province's historic churches date back to this era.
American Period (1898-1946)
Under American rule, Mindoro was organized as a single province. Infrastructure development began, including roads and schools. The Americans also established Puerto Galera as a port of entry, recognizing its strategic location.
Post-War and Division
After World War II, the province of Mindoro was divided into two: Oriental Mindoro (eastern side) and Occidental Mindoro (western side) on June 13, 1950, through Republic Act No. 505. Calapan was designated as the capital of Oriental Mindoro.
Modern Development
The latter half of the 20th century saw Oriental Mindoro develop into a major tourist destination, particularly Puerto Galera, which gained international recognition for its diving sites. The province has since grown to encompass 15 municipalities:
- Puerto Galera (1st District)
- San Teodoro
- Baco
- Calapan City (Provincial Capital)
- Naujan
- Victoria
- Pola
- Socorro
- Pinamalayan
- Gloria
- Bansud
- Bongabong
- Roxas
- Mansalay
- Bulalacao
Cultural Heritage
Today, Oriental Mindoro proudly preserves its rich heritage through:
- Mangyan Communities - Eight ethnolinguistic groups maintaining their traditions
- Historic Churches - Spanish-era churches in various municipalities
- Local Festivals - Celebrating the province's history, culture, and produce
- Traditional Crafts - Mangyan weaving, basketry, and beadwork
Oriental Mindoro continues to evolve while honoring its past, welcoming visitors to experience both its natural beauty and cultural richness.